On
November 4th 1922, Egyptologist Howard Carter discovered the tomb of
Tutankhamun, the most complete and well-preserved tomb of any of the ancient
Egyptian pharaohs. Here are ten facts about Tutankhamun.
FACT ONE
Tutankhamun was only eight or nine when he became ruler of Eygpt. As King at
such a young age, most of the decision-making was made by two senior
figures, likely to have been Ay (father of Nefertiti) and Horemheb, an army
commander.
FACT TWO
Tutankhamun was only King for about ten years before dying in his late
teens. It was estimated that he ruled from 1333 BC to1324 BC.
FACT THREE
Over the years, scientists have used available technology to determine the
cause of Tutankhamun's death. The two most popular theories about his death
are that he suffered a blow to the back of the head, either accidentally or
deliberately (in other words, murder), or that he broke or fractured his leg
which became infected - an infection that led to his death possibly only
days later.
FACT FOUR
Tutankhamun may have married one of his step-sisters. It is thought that
Tutankhamun's father was Akhenaten. Akhenaten was married to Nefertiti, who
bore him six daughters. Akhenaten also had a lesser wife, Kira, who is
believed to have given birth to Tutankhamun. It is thought that Tutankhamun
married Ankhesenpaaten, one of the daughters of Akhenaten and Nefertiti.
Confused?
FACT FIVE
Tutankhamun was born Tutankhaten. Akhenaten, Tutankhamun's father, wanted
Egyptians to worship one god, the Sun God Aten, instead of the multitude of
gods they already worshipped and the main deity Amun. The "Aten"
at the end of Tutankhaten and Akhenaten's names refers to this (Akhenaten
means "servant of the Aten" and Tutankhaten means "Living
image of Aten"). Akhenaten's changes weren't too popular, so when
Tutankhaten was in charge, he changed things back to how they were,
reopening the various closed temples around the country, and changing his
name to Tutankhamun. Incidentally, Akhenaten's original name before he
started making changes was Amenhotep IV.
FACT SIX
Despite being one of the most well-known of the Egyptian pharoahs to modern
people, evidence of Tutankhamun's reign was obliterated shortly after his
death. The ruler of Eygpt after the death of Tutankhamun's successor was
Horemheb, who replaced Tutankhamun's name with his own on many monuments
bearing Tutankhamun's name. It is perhaps only because we are able to get a
more complete insight of Tutankhamun's life due to his well-preserved tomb
that he holds so much importance now.
FACT SEVEN
Tutankhamun's remains are still contained in his tomb in the Valley of the
Kings at Luxor, Egypt. His famous burial mask is on public display in the
Egyptian Museum in Cairo (in the only air-conditioned room in the
building!).
FACT EIGHT
CAT scans on Tutankhamun's body in 2005 revealed that the King was about 5
foot, 8 inches tall (180 cm). He was of slight build but was well
nourished.
FACT NINE
Tutankhamun and his wife had no children, although Ankhesenpaaten did
miscarry twice. The bodies of two stillborn baby girls were mummified and
placed in Tutankhamun's tomb in small coffins.
FACT TEN
Certain strange events are said to have happened after the discovery of
Tutankhamun's tomb and removal of items from it. The media at the time put
this down to The Curse of Tutankhamun or the Pharaoh's Curse. Financial
support for the the project that later led to Howard Carter's discovery of
Tutankhamun's tomb came from Lord Carnarvon. However, in April 1923, seven
weeks after the official opening of Tutankhamun's burial chamber, Carnarvon
died after a mosquito bite on his cheek became infected. After lifting
Tutankhamun's death mask, it was found that the pharaoh himself had a lesion
in the same place on his cheek. At the same time of Carnarvon's death, the
lights in Cairo went out (although this apparently was a fairly common
occurrence) and back at home in England, Lord Carnarvon's dog Susie howled
and dropped dead. Also quite spooky was the fact that Howard Carter's pet
canary was eaten by a snake on the day of the opening of the tomb. The media
speculated that a number of people involved with the opening of
Tutankhamun's tomb died shortly afterwards, but tend to ignore the fact the
the majority actually survived to a ripe old age, and most of those that
died shortly afterwards were quite elderly or in poor health anyway.
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